Inventum Biologicum: An International Journal of Biological Research

The Effects of Core Stabilization Exercises Versus Plyometrics Along With Proprioceptive Training on Strength & Stability in Recreational Athletes With Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

2025-08-22T06:13:58+00:00

Background: Non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common among recreational athletes and often lead to deficits in strength, dynamic balance, and joint proprioception. Core Stabilization Exercises (CSE) and Plyometric Training, both integrated with Proprioceptive Training, are established rehabilitation strategies; however, their comparative effectiveness requires further exploration.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the effects of 8 weeks of core stabilization exercises and plyometrics along with proprioceptive training on the strength & stability in recreational athletes with non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries.

Methods: Thirty recreational athletes aged 18–45 years with chronic non-contact ACL injuries were purposively sampled and divided into two groups. Group A received CSE with proprioceptive input, while Group B underwent Plyometric Training with proprioceptive input. Interventions were administered thrice weekly for eight weeks. Outcome measures included McGill’s Core Muscle Endurance Test (CMET), Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), recorded at baseline, 4th week, and 8th week. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and independent t-tests.

Results: Both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) in all outcome measures. However, Group B showed superior gains in core endurance, balance, and pain reduction compared to Group A, with significant between-group differences (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Plyometric Training combined with Proprioceptive Training proved more effective than Core Stabilization Exercises in improving functional outcomes in individuals with ACL injuries. These findings support incorporating dynamic, neuromuscular-focused protocols for enhanced rehabilitation.

What Drives Mortality in Tufted Grey Langurs (Semnopithecus priam priam) Across Habitats and Seasons in the Western Ghats?

2025-07-27T13:42:03+00:00

The tufted grey langur (Semnopithecus priam priam), a folivorous primate endemic to South India, plays a pivotal role in forest regeneration through seed dispersal. However, anthropogenic pressures—including electrocution, road kills, and habitat fragmentation—pose significant threats to its survival. This study investigates habitat-specific and seasonal mortality patterns of the tufted grey langur in and around the Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR), Tamil Nadu. Data were collected through opportunistic observations and community interviews from December 2017 to February 2022. Mortality events were classified by cause—electrocution, road kill, fighting, predation, and infanticide—and analyzed across three habitat types (village, foothills, and forest) and three seasons (dry, southwest monsoon, northeast monsoon). Statistical analyses revealed significant associations between mortality type and habitat (χ² = 18.45, p < 0.01), with electrocution incidents peaking in villages during the northeast monsoon and road kills occurring predominantly in forest habitats across all seasons. Fighting and predation were primarily recorded in forested regions, especially during the dry and northeast monsoon periods. Seasonal variations were significant (F(2,24) = 4.78, p < 0.05), indicating the influence of ecological and anthropogenic factors on mortality rates. These findings underscore the urgent need for seasonally and spatially targeted conservation strategies such as insulating electrical lines in villages and implementing wildlife crossings in forested areas to reduce mortality and ensure the long-term viability of this ecologically important species.

Echoes Across Continents: Safeguarding Migratory Birds in India's Keoladeo Wetlands

2025-07-05T18:48:23+00:00

Keoladeo National Park, located in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India, serves as one of the most significant wintering grounds for migratory birds from Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, China, and Siberia. This study evaluates the conservation practices implemented for migratory bird protection at this UNESCO World Heritage Site and Ramsar Wetland Site. Despite hosting over 370 bird species, the park faces critical challenges including water scarcity, invasive species, and climate change impacts. This paper examines the effectiveness of current conservation strategies, analyzes the decline in migratory bird populations, and proposes recommendations for sustainable management. The research highlights the urgent need for comprehensive water management, invasive species control, and community-based conservation approaches to ensure the long-term survival of this critical avian habitat.

Concomitant and Pre-emptive Melatonin Administration Improves Thyroid Hormones Level and Spleen T-cells Proliferation in Propyl-thiouracil (PTU) Induced Hypothyroid Condition in Swiss Albino Mice

2025-07-05T18:29:19+00:00

Hypothyroidic development is associated with the disruption of thyroid secretions along with noticeable deterioration of body defense mechanism. The epiphyseal hormone melatonin was detected as an ameliorator of many unsuitable situations of mammalian physiology. In such context the current study was planned out to observe the role of melatonin in thyroid secretions and proliferation of immune cells in experimentally induced hypothyroid condition in mice. The levels of thyroid hormones were checked by ELISA kits. Proliferation of immune cells were assayed through analyzing the spleen T-cells proliferation. The level of thyroid hormones and spleen T-cells proliferation rate were significantly deteriorated in hypothyroid condition. Both concominant and pre-emptive melatonin administration significantly recovered the level of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid condition. Whereas, elevation of spleen T-cells proliferation was recorded only in pre-emptive treatment of melatonin in hypothyroid condition. This performed investigation delineated the concomitant and pre-emptive therapeutic potentiality of melatonin in the improvisation of disturbed thyroid activity and immune responses in hypothyroid condition.

Study of Fish Diversity in the Lotic Environment of Sunderbani, District Rajouri, Jammu (J&K)

2025-07-05T18:17:20+00:00

The present study was carried out in different streams of Sunderbani in District Rajouri(J&K) to figure out its fish diversity from December 2021 to February 2022. The study was carried out two study stations. The study station I was near the Thandapani highway. The study station II at Doukhade was located at a distance of 3-4 kilometers from the study station II. A total of four species belonging to family Cyprinidae and order Cypriniformes i.e Tor putitora, Labeo rohita, Garra gotyla and Pethia conchonius were reported. The relative abundance was also calculated. Tor putitora contributing about 42.6% then Garra gotyla by 37.3%Pethia conchonius by 13.3% and Labeo rohita by 6.6%. Fishing methods commonly employed included rod and hook, cast net, basket etc. Decline in fish diversity and conservation measures in the area have also been discussed.

Metabolic Regulation at the Molecular Level

2025-08-09T18:33:07+00:00

The conventional therapy for atherosclerosis, marked by the buildup of arterial plaque that constricts and hardens the arteries, involves managing elevated blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Recent research indicates that fasting can effectively repair atherosclerosis. This review investigates the mechanisms by which fasting influences atherosclerosis, analyses clinical data, outlines fasting procedures, considers patient demographics, and discusses the clinical implications. The clinical data illustrating the efficacy of fasting in inhibiting atherosclerosis progression is analysed, with the molecular impacts of fasting on metabolism, cellular function, and inflammation. This study evaluates the feasibility, duration, and outcomes of several fasting protocols, including time-restricted eating and intermittent fasting, across diverse patient populations. The evaluation also addresses implementation aspects, including safety in clinical environments, monitoring, and patient education. This review contributes to the understanding of fasting’s therapeutic potential in preventing atherosclerosis and improving cardiovascular health.