Craniofacial Morphology of Sus scrofa: Museum Specimens as Key Resources for Taxonomic Studies
Keywords:
Wild boar, Skull morphology, Morphometric analysis, Museum specimens, Craniofacial adaptations, Dental morphology, Sus scrofaAbstract
The study of wild boar (Sus scrofa) skull morphology offers valuable insights into taxonomy, ecological adaptations, and evolutionary traits. This research utilizes an 80-year-old preserved wild boar skull from the Zoology Museum at St. Xavier’s College, Palayamkottai. Museum specimens are vital resources for studying morphology without disturbing contemporary wild populations. Morphometric measurements were conducted using the Dentition and Skull View Methods, focusing on cranial, facial, and maxillary parameters. The wild boar’s dental formula (I3/3, C1/1, P4/4, M3/3) and distinct features, such as its elongated dolichocephalic skull, were confirmed. Key measurements included a skull length of 30.7 cm, facial length of 20.1 cm, and cranial index of 50. Comparisons with other mammals, such as blackbuck, camels, and domestic pigs, revealed adaptations to omnivorous diets and sexual dimorphism. The results highlight significant interspecies and intra species variations, reinforcing the importance of skull morphology in taxonomy and species differentiation. Features like prominent canines and bicuspid premolars provide insights into feeding ecology and reproductive roles. This study demonstrates the crucial role of museum specimens in preserving historical data, enabling the analysis of evolutionary patterns over time. Morphometric studies of wild boar skulls contribute significantly to biodiversity research, conservation, and education. Museum collections remain essential repositories for understanding species’ ecological roles and evolutionary history, supporting continued research amidst growing conservation challenges.
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